Hayatus Sahabah - The Lives of the Sahaba, ForeWord

This chapter highlights how calling people towards Allah and towards Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] was the action that Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] and the Sahabah [Radhiallahu Anhum] loved more than anything else. It also draws attention to the fact that their ardent desire was for mankind to be guided towards the Deen of Allah and to enter its fold so that they may be immersed in Allah's mercy. In additioh to this, it focuses on their tireless efforts to achieve this so that the creation could be linked to their Creator.

The Concern of Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] for Mankind to Accept Imaan

Hadhrat Abdullaah bin Abbaas [Radhiallahu Anhu] narrates that Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] was extremely concerned that the whole of mankind should accept Imaan and pledge allegiance to him. Allah therefore revealed Qur'aanic verses such as:

Among them (mankind) are the fortunate (those destined for Jannah) and the unfortunate (those destined for Jahannam). [Surah Hud, verse 105]

In these verses, Allah informed Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] that people will accept Imaan only if the good fortune of doing so has been destined for them in the Lowhul Mahfoodh. Similarly, only those people for whom ill-fortune has been destined in the Lowhul Mahfoodh will go astray. Allah then revealed to Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]:

(O Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]) It seems like you will destroy yourself (with grief because they (the Kuffar) are not becoming Mu'mineen. If We willed, We could have revealed a (great) Aayah (miracle) to them from the sky, causing their necks to bow before it in humility (because of which they would be forced to accept Imaan. However, Allah does not do this because forcing people into submission would defeat the object of testing them and rewarding or punishing them according to their merit). [Surah Shu'araa, verses 3, 4]

[Tabraani. Haythami [Rahimullaahu Ta'ala] states that the narrators of this Hadith are reliable, but adds that Ali bin Abi Talha did not hear the Hadith directly from Hadhrat Abdullaah bin Abbaas [Radhiallahu Anhu]]

Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] Preaches to his People at the Time when his Uncle Abu Taalib is about to Leave the World

Hadhrat Abdullaah bin Abbaas [Radhiallahu Anhu] narrates that when Abu Taalib was about to leave the world, a group from the Quraysh came to see him. Among this group was Abu Jahal. They complained to Abu Taalib about what his nephew (Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]) was saying and doing, including insulting their gods. They expressed the wish that Abu Taalib call for Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] and forbid him from what he was doing. When Abu Taalib sent for Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam], he promptly arrived and entered the house. When Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] came to the room, there remained a space for one person between the group of the Quraysh and Abu Taalib.

Narrating further, Hadhrat Abdullaah bin Abbaas [Radhiallahu Anhu] states, "The accursed Abu Jahal feared that if Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] occupied the empty space next to his uncle, Abu Taalib may become more lenient. Therefore, he jumped to occupy the place, leaving no place for Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] near his uncle. For this reason, Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] was forced to sit near the door. Addressing Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam], Abu Taalib said, 'O my nephew! Why are your people complaining that you insult their gods and tell them so many things?' Upon this, those present started saying many things."

Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] finally addressed his uncle saying, "O my uncle! All I want these people to do is to accept a single statement that would make all the Arabs serve them and make all the non-Arabs pay them taxes." Taken aback by this, the people exclaimed, "Only one statement! By the oath of your father, we are prepared to accept ten such statements! What is this statement?" Abu Taalib also asked, "O my nephew! What is this statement?" Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] replied, "Laa Ilaaha Illallaah ("There is none worthy of worship but Allah")."

Upon hearing this, the people hastily stood up and brushing down their clothing, they said,'"Does he make all the (many) gods (that we worship) into one god? This is indeed something strange!"

Hadhrat Abdullaah bin Abbaas [Radhiallahu Anhu] states that it was with reference to this that Allah revealed the verses:

(The Mushrikeen say,) "Does he (Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]) make all the (many) gods (that we worship) into one god? This is indeed something strange!" A group of their leaders passed saying, "Carry on (with what you are doing without paying attention to what Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] says), and remain devoted to your gods (idols). Undoubtedly, there is some ulterior motive behind this. We have not heard about such a thing (this message) in the other religions. This is (therefore) merely some fabrication. Does some speech (revelation) descehd on him (when he is merely a human being) from among us (and not an angel)?" (Allah says further,) However, (the fact of the matter is that) they are in doubt concerning My revelation. The truth is that they (behave in this manner because they) have not yet tasted My punishment. [Surah Sad, verses 5-8]

This Hadith has been reported by Imam Ahmad, Nasa'ee, Ibn Abi Haatim and Ibn Jareer in their books when discussing the commentary of Qur'aanic verses. Tirmidhi has also reported the Hadith and states that the Hadith reliable. A similar Hadith has been narrated by Ibn Katheer in his commentary of the Qur'aan (Vo1.4 Pg.28), by Bayhaqi (Vo1.9 Pg.188) and by Haakim (Vol.2 Fg.432). Haakim states that the chain of narrators is authentic even though the Hadith is not narrated by Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim. Imam Dhahabi also states that the Hadith is authentic.

Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] Presents the Kalimah to his Uncle Abu Taalib

Hadhrat Abdullaah bin Abbaas [Radhiallahu Anhu] reports that several leaders of the Quraysh once went to Abu Taalib to speak to him about Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]. Among them were Utba bin Rabee'ah, Shayba bin Rabee'ah, Abu Jahal bin Hishaam, Umayyah bin Khalaf and Abu Sufyaan bin Harb. Addressing Abu Taalib, they said, "You are well aware of the high position you hold among us. The condition of your health is apparent and it makes us 'concerned for your life. Since you know well the differences that exist between us and your nephew, we need you to call him (so that you could mediate between us) and (in doing so) acce'pt some of our requests as well as some of his. In this manner, he could stop opposing us, we would stop opposing him, he would leave us to our religion and we would leave him to his religion."

Consequently, Abu Taalib sent for Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]. When Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] arrived, Abu Taalib said to him, "O my nephew! These prominent leaders of your people have come to you to give you (some of your requests) and to take from you (some of their requests)." Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] replied, "Very well. I require you people to give me a single statement which would give you control of all the Arabs and which would make the non-Arabs follow you." Hearing this, Abu Jahal exclaimed, "Certainly! By the oath of your father! We are prepared to accept ten such statements." Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] said, 'You should then say, 'Laa Ilaaha Illallaah ("There is none worthy of worship but Allah") and discard everything that you worship besides Him."

Those present then started clapping their hands (mockingly) saying, "Do you 1 wish to make all our gods into one! This is indeed most strange!" They then said to each other, "By Allah! This man will not give in to any of your requests. Let us leave and continue practising the religion of our forefathers until Allah decides between us and him." They then dispersed.

(When they had all left) Abu Taalib said to Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam], "O my nephew, I don't think that you asked anything difficult of them." Hopeful that his uncle would accept the message of Islaam, Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] said to him, "O uncle! Why don't you say it (the Kalimah) so that I may be permitted to intercede for you on the Day of Qiyaamah." Seeing the enthusiasm of Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam], Abu Taalib said, "O nephew! By Allah! I would certainly utter this Kalimah to please you if it were not for my fear that I and my progeny would become targets of insults and that the Quraysh would say that I said it only for fear of death." [Ibn Is'haaq, as quoted in Al Bidaayah wan Nihaayah (Vo1.3 Pg.123). There is one unknown narrator in the chain of narrators]

Hadhrat Sa'eed bin Musayyab [Radhiallahu Anhu] reports from his father that Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] visiteid Abu Taalib when he was on his death-bed at a time when Abu Jahal was also present. Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] said, "O my uncle! Say 'Laa Ilaaha Illallaah' so that I could defend you in the court of Allah." Abu Jahal and Abdullaah bin Abi Umayyah then said to Abu Taalib, "Are you turning away from the religion of (your father) Abdul Muttalib?" The two of them continued speaking to Abu Taalib in this manner until the final words he uttered (as he passed away) were, "I remain on the religion of Abdul Muttalib."

Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] then said, "I shall continue seeking Allah's forgiveness for you (O my uncle) until I am forbidden from doing so." Allah then revealed the verses of the Qur'aan which state:

It is not (permissibIe) for the Nabi [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam], nor (is it permissible for) the Mu'mineen to (ever seek forgiveness for the Mushrikeen, even if they be their relatives, after it has become clear to them (when these Mushrikeen died without Imaan) that they (the Mushrikeen) are to be residents of the Blaze Jahannam). [Surah Taubah, verse 113]

Verily you (O Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]) cannot guide (to Islam) those whom you love (such as Abu Taalib), but Allah guides whoever He wills. He is best aware of those who are (deserving to be) rightly guided (and who deserve to be guided to Imaan). [Surah Qasas, verse 56] [Bukhari and Muslim]

Another similar report states that Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] continued presenting the Kalimah to Abu Taalib as the two Mushrikeen (Abu Jahal and Abdullaah bin Abi Umaayyah) repeated their words to him. Eventually, Abu Taalib passed away with the words, "I remain on the religion of Abdul Muttalib" without reciting, "Laa Ilaaha Illallaah" Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] then said, "Behold! I shall continue seeking Allah's forgiveness for you (O my uncle) until I am forbidden from doing so." It was after this that Allah revealed the two verses (mentioned above). [Bukhari and Muslim, using a chain of narrators different from the narration just mentioned]

Hadhrat Abu Hurayrah [Radhiallahu Anhu] narrates that Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] came to see his uncle Abu Taalib when he was about to pass away. Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] said to him, "O my beloved uncle! Say 'Laa Ilaaha Illallaah' so that I may be witness to it on the Day of Qiyaamah." Abu Taalib said, "I would have certainly said it to please you if I did not fear that Quraysh would ridicule me by saying, 'He said it only because he feared death.' I would have then definitely said it only to please you." It was on this occasion that Allaah revealed the verse:

Verily you (O Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]) cannot guide (to Islam) those whom you love (such as Abu Taalib), but Allah guides whoever He wills. He is best aware of those who are (deserving to be) rightly guided (and who deserve to beguided to Imaan). [Surah Qasas, verse 56] [Ibn Is'haaq, as quoted in Al Bidaayah wan Nihaayah (Vo1.3 Pg.123). There is one unknown narrator in the chain of narrators.]

Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] refuses to Forsake calling people to Allaah

Hadhrat Aqeel bin Abi Taalib (the son of Abu Taalib) narrates [Only a part of the complete narration appears here. The complete text will Insha Allaah be quoted in the chapter that discusses the tolerancethat Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] and the Sahabah [Radhiallahu Anhu] practiced during times of difficulty] that on one occasion when members of the Quraysh approached Abu Taalib (to discuss Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]) Abu Taalib said to Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam], "O my nephew! By Allah! As you well know, I have always listened to what you have to say (I now wish that you would listen to me). Your people have come to me to complain that in their gatherings and at the Kabah you tell them things that hurt them. If you think it appropriate, you should stop doing this."

Looking towards the heavens, Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] replied, "I do not have the ability to stop doing what I have been sent to do just as any of you do not have the ability to grab hold of a spark of fire from the sun." [Tabraani and Bukhari in his Taareekh]

A narration of Bayhaqi reports that Abu Taalib called for Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] and told him that the people had come to him and told him many things about what RasululIaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] was doing. Addressing Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam], he said further, "Have mercy on me and on yourself and do not cast on me a burden that neither of us can bear. Stop telling the people things that they dislike." Hearing this, it crossed Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]'s mind that his uncle had changed his opinions, that he would stop assisting him, that he would now hand him over to the people and that he had lost courage in supporting him. Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] said, "O my uncle! Even if the sun were placed in my right hand and the moon in my left hand, I would not forsake this work (of propagation) until Allaah makes it (this Deen) dominant or I am destroyed in the process. "After saying this, the eyes of Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] filled with tears and he began weeping. (The complete Hadith will now be mentioned.)

Hadhrat Jaabir bin Abdillaah [Radhiallahu Anhu] narrates that the Quraysh once gathered together and said, "Look for a person who is most learned in magic, fortune-telling and poetry so that he may meet this man (Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]) who has split our community, divided us and insulted our religion. (When he meets Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]) He should speak to him and gauge the response." Everyone agreed that the best person for the task was Utba bin Rabee'ah and they said to him, "Go to him, O Abu Waleed!"

When Utba met Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam], he asked, "O Muhammad! Are you better than Abdullaah (your father)?" Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] remained silent. Utba continued, "Are you better than Abdul Muttalib(your grandfather)?" When Rasulullaah remained silent for the second time, Utba proceeded to say, "If you think that all these people are better than you, then remember that they worshipped the very idols that you find fault with. However, if you think that you are better than them, then say so, so that we may hear you. By Allah! We have never seen a youngster bringing more ill-fortune to his nation than yourself! You have split our community, disunited us, insulted our gods and disgraced us among the Arabs so much so that news has spread among them that the Quraysh have a magician and the Quraysh have a fortune-teller. By Allah! (We are so disunited that) All we are waiting for is a shout of pain like that of a pregnant woman before we begin opposing each other with swords and destroy each other. O person! if you have any (financial) need, we shall pool our resources for you until you become the richest man of the Quraysh. If need a woman, you may choose any of the women of the Quraysh and let alone one, we shall marry ten of them to you."

Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] said, "Have you finished?" When Utba replied in the affirmative, Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] recited the following verses of the Qur'aan:

Haa Meem. (This Qur'aan is) A revelation from the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful. (This Qur' an is) A Book, the verses of which have been clearly explained as an Arabic Qur'aan, for a nation with knowledge. (It is) A carrier of good news (for the Muslmineen) and a Warner (for the Kufaar). However, (instead of listening to the warnings) most of them turn away and do not listen (They have no interest in accepting the truth). They (the Kuffaar) say (to the Ambiyaa and those who call them to Imaan), 'Our hearts are veiled from what you call us towards (we do not understand you) and there are props in our ears. There is also a barrier between you and us, so do (as you please), we shall do (as we please)." Say (to them, O Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]),"( I cannot force you to accept because) I am just a human being like you. Revelation has been sent to me that your Ilaah is only One. So remain devoted to Him and seek forgiveness from Him. Destruction (jahannam) be to the Mushrikeen who do not pay zakaah and who disbelieve in the Aakhirah. (On the other hand) There shall certainly be an everlasting reward Jannah) for those who have Imaan and who do righteous deeds." Say, "Do you people really disbelieve in, and ascribe partners to the Being Who created the earth in two days? It is He Who is the Rabb of the universe." (How can you not regard Him to be your Rabb when none other has powers similar to His?) And (in addition to all of this) Allah has (also) placed mountains on the surface of the earth, blessed the earth (so that it mayproduce food), and stipulated the earth's provisions (all this and the creation of the earth tookplace) in four complete days; (this is sufficient as a reply) for those who question you about the creation of the earth). Thereafter, Allaah turned (His attention) to the sky, which was smoke, and said to it, as well as to , the earth, "Come to Us (submit to us) willingly or unwillingly." Both replied, "We shall come willingly." Within two days, Allaah then made them (the skies) into seven skies, and issued a suitable command to (the angels occupying) each sky. Allah decorated the sky of the world with lanterns (stars) and made them a means of protection (to be used to pelt the Shayaateen who attempt to eavesdrop on the conversations of the angels)). This is the decree of the Mighty, the Wise. If they (the Kuffaar) turn away, then say, "I warn you of a punishment like the punishment of the Aad and Thamud." [Surah Haa Meem Sajdah, verses 1-13]

Utba exclaimed, "Enough! Do you have nothing else to say?" Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] replied, "No." Utba then left. When he met with the other members of the Quraysh, he said to them, "I told him everything you wanted me to tell him." "Did he give you a reply?" they enquired. Utba started saying, "Yes," but then quickly said, "No!" He added, "By the Being Who made the Kabah a place of worship! I understood nothing from what he said except that he warns us of a punishment like the punishment that afflicted the Aad and the Thamud." To this the people said, Woe to you! A man speaks to you in Arabic and you cannot understand what he says!" Utba replied, "No (I cannot help it)! By Allaah! I understood nothing except mention of the punishment that afflicted the Aad and Thamud." [Abd bin Humayd in his Musnad from Ibn Abi Shayba]

Other authorities including Bayhaqi have reported a narration from Haakim in which it is added that Utba also said to Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam], "If it is leadership that you want, we will all anchor our flags for you (it was the practice in those times that leaders would have the flags of their tribes anchored at their homes) so that you become our leader for as long as you live." This narration also adds that Utba placed his hand on the mouth of Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] when Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] reached the verse:

If they (the Kuffaar) turn away, then say, "I warn you of a punishment like the punishment of the Aad and Thamud." [Surah HaaMeem Sajdah, verse 13]

He then bade Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] for the sake of their family ties that he should recite no further. After leaving the company of Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam], Utba stayed at home and did not venture to meet the other members of the Quraysh. To this Abu Jahal commented, "O Quraysh! By Allah! It appears as if Utba has taken to the religion of Muhammad and likes his food. There can be no other reason for this but that he has become poor. Let us go to see him."

When they arrived to meet Utba, Abu Jahal said, "we have come only because you have taken to the religion of Muhammad and have taken a liking to his talk. If you have become impoverished, we shall collect money for you so that you should have no need for Muhammad's food."

Utba grew extremely angry when he heard this and swore by Allaah that he would never again speak to Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]. He then said to them, "You know well that I am one of the wealthiest people of the Quraysh." He then related the meeting with Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] and said, "I went to him and he replied with words that I swear by Allah are neither (products of) magic, poetry or fortune-telling. He started reciting:

Haa Meem. (This Qur'aan is) A revelation from the Most Compassionate, the Most Merciful.

He continued reciting until he reached the verse: If they (the Kuffaar) turn away, then say, "I warn you of a punishment like the punishment of the Aad and Thamud." [Surah Haa Meem Sajdah, verse 13]

I then held his mouth and beseeched him in the name of our family relations that he should stop reciting. You know very well that Muhammad never lies when he speaks, so I feared that the punishment would afflict you people." [Al Bidaayah wan Nihaayah (Vo1.3 Pg.62). Abu Ya'la has narrated a Hadith similar to that of Abd bin Humayd from Hadhrat Jaabir [Radhiallahu Anhu]. Abu Nu'aym has also narrated such a Hadith in his Hilya (Pg.75). Bayhaqi has mentioned that among the narrators is a person named Ajlah Kindi who is reliable according to Ibn Ma'een and others, but who Imaam Nasa'ee and some other scholars regard as unreliable. Besides him, the other narrators are reliable.]

Hadhrat Abdullaah bin Umar [Radhiallahu Anhu] narrates that some members of the Quraysh once gathered to discuss about Rasulullaah as Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] sat in the Masjid (the Masjidul Haraam in Makkah). Utba bin Rabee'ah said to the rest, "Leave me to speak toohim for I shall perhaps be softer on him than the rest of you." Saying this, Utba stood up and sat by Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]. He then said, "O my nephew! I have no doubts that you are certainly from the best family and enjoy the most honour from all of us. However, you have placed your people in a situation that no other has done to their people. If it is wealth that you want by propagating your message, your people will take the responsibility to ensure that they accumulate their wealth to make you the wealthiest person. If it is position that you want, we shall all honour you until there is none more honourable than you and we shall do nothing without your approval. If you are doing this because you have been afflicted by evil spirits which you are unable to get rid of, then we shall spend all our fortunes until we grow helpless finding a cure for you. If it is leadership that you want, we shall make you our leader."

Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] then said, "Have you finished O Abu Waleed?" When Utba replied in the affirmative, Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] recited Surah Haa Meem Sajdah and prostrated in Sajdah when he recited the Sajdah verse (surah 37 verse 8). However, Utba remained sitting with his hand behind him for support. when Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] completed reciting the Surah, Utba stood up and (was so astounded by the words of the Qur'aan) that he did not know what to tell the others.

Seeing him arrive, the others commented, "Utba is returning with a face quite different from the one he left you with." Utba said, "O gathering of Quraysh! I spoke to him as you instructed but when I had finished, he spoke to me with words that I swear by Allah, my ears have never heard before. I did not know what to say to him. O gathering of the Quraysh! Obey me this once even if you disobey me forever afterwards. Leave this man alone to himself because I swear by Allah that he will never forsake what he is doing. Allow him to do as he pleases with the Arabs because if he is dominant over them, his honour would be yours and if they dominate him, your objective would be reached without your intervention." To this the others said, "O Abul Waleed! You have forsaken your religion." [Ibn Is'haaq as mentioned in A1 Bidaayah wan Nihaayah (Vo1.3 Pg.63). Bayhaqi has also quoted the Hadith briefly from Hadhrat Abdullaah bin Urnar [Radhiallahu Anhu] ]

Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]'s Resolve to Fight for the Duty that Allaah Sent him with

Hadhrat Miswar bin Makhrama [Radhiallahu Anhu] and Hadhrat Marwaan [Radhiallahu Anhu] have reported a lengthy narration concerning the incident leading to the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which will be mentioned later in this chapter. Part of the narration states.that while Rasulullaah[Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] and the Sahabah [Radhiallahu Anhum] were stationed in the valley of Hudaybiyyah, Budayl bin Waraqa Khuzaa'ee arrived there along with a group of people from his tribe the Khuzaa'ah. This tribe were from the Tihaamah region and were the friendliest tribe of the region towards the Muslims. He told Rasulullaah that they had just passed by the tribes of Aamir bin Luway and Ka'b bin Luway, who were camped at some of the springs of Hudaybiyyah. They informed Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] that these tribes were ready to engage in battle with the Muslims and prevent them from coming to the Kabah. In fact they were so intent on fighting the Muslims that they had arrived with (all their resources and even) those camels that were close to giving birth and those that had just given birth.

Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] said, "I have not come to fight anyone, but wish only to perform Umrah. (It is surprising that the Quraysh want to fight because) Fighting has already weakened them and caused them much harm. If they want, we are prepared to enter into a treaty with them for a period. During this period, they should not interfere with my efforts on the people. If I dominate over the people (if they accept Islaam), the Quraysh have the choice of entering into the Deen which the others have entered into. On the other hand, if people get the upper hand over me, the Quraysh will have no worries. However, if the Quraysh refuse (to accept Islaam and insist on fighting), then I swear by the Being in Whose control my life lies, I shall fight them for the sake of this Deen until either my head is separated from my neck or this Deen of Allaah flourishes." [Bukhari]

A narration of Tabraani, also narrated by Hadhrat Miswar bin Makhrama [Radhiallahu Anhu] and Hadhrat Marwaan[Radhiallahu Anhu] ends with the words, "Woe be to the Quraysh! Waging war has certainly consumed them (although previous battles with the muslims have weakened them, they are still intent on fighting). Why do they rather not allow me to continue my work among the people without interference? If the other Arabs gain the upper hand over me and finish me off, the heartfelt desire of the Quraysh will be accomplished. On the contrary, if Allaah grants me victory over the other Arabs, the Quraysh will also enter the fold of Islaam. However, if the Quraysh refuse to accept Islaam and still have the strength to fight me, what do they think? I swear by Allaah that I shall fight them for the sake of that (Deen) which Allaah has sent me with until Allaah grants me victory or this head is separated from my body." [Ibn Is'haaq has also reported this from Zuhri with the words: "What do the Quraysh think? I swear by Allaah that I shall tight for the sake of this (Deen) which Allaah has sent me with until Allaah grants me victory or this head is separated from my body." This is reported in Al Bidaayah wan Nihaayah (vo1.4 Pg.165).]

Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] Commands Hadhrat Ali [Radhiallahu Anhu] to First call People towards Islaam During the Battle of Khaybar

Hadhrat Sahal bin Sa'd [Radhiallahu Anhu] narrates that during the Battle of Khaybar, Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] announced, "Tomorrow I shall give the flag to the person on whose hands Allaah shall grant victory. He is a person who has love for Allaah and His Rasool [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] and whom Allaah and His Rasool [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] also love." Hadhrat Sahal [Radhiallahu Anhu] mentioned that the entire night, the Sahabah [Radhiallahu Anhum] kept thinking which of them would receive the flag (to lead the army into battle).

The following morning, all the Sahabah [Radhiallahu Anhum] came to Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam], each one hoping that he would be the one to receive the flag. Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] announced, "Where is Ali bin Abi Taalib?" The Sahabah [Radhiallahu Anhum] replied, "O Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]! He is suffering from pain in his eyes." Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] sent someone to call him. When he arrived, Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] applied some of his blessed saliva onto Hadhrat Ali [Radhiallahu Anhu] eyes and prayed for him. His eyed were immediately cured and it appeared as if he had never suffered any pain at all. Rasulullaah then handed the flag over to him.

Hadhrat Ali [Radhiallahu Anhu] asked, "Should I fight them until they become like us?" Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] replied, "March at a moderate pace until you reach their field. Then invite them to accept Islam, explaining to them the rights due to Allaah that are compulsory for them to fulfil. By Allaah! If Allaah uses you to guide .even a single person, it is better for you than red camels." [Bukhari. Muslim has also reported a similar narration in Vo1.2 Pg.279.]

The Outstanding Perseverance of Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] when Inviting Hakam bin Kaysaan to Islam

Hadhrat Miqdaad bin Amr [Radhiallahu Anhu] narrates that when he took Hakam bin Kaysaan prisoner (during one of the battles), his commander wanted Hakam executed. However, he (Hadhrat Miqdaad [Radhiallahu Anhu]) managed to persuade his commander not to execute Hakam but to rather take him to Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]. When they brought him to Rasulullaah[Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam], the noble Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] started inviting him to accept Islam and spent a long time speaking to him.

After some time, Hadhrat Umar [Radhiallahu Anhu] said, "O Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]! For what reason are you talking to him so much? By Allaah! He shall never accept Islaam! Allow me to execute him so that he may reach his destination in Jahannam!" However, Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] paid no attention to Hadhrat Umar [Radhiallahu Anhu] (and continued speaking) until Hakam accepted Islaam.

Hadhrat Umar [Radhiallahu Anhu] says, "When I saw Hakam accept Islaam, I was surrounded by thoughts of the past and future. I chided myself for addressing Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] concerning a matter about which he had more knowledge than me. I then told myself that I had done so only for the welfare of Allaah and His Rasool [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]." Hadhrat Umar [Radhiallahu Anhu] also said, "Hakam became a Muslim and by Allaah, he was an excellent Muslim who fought for the pleasure of Allaah until he was martyred at Bir Ma'oona. Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] was pleased with him and he has entered the gardens of Jannah."[Ibn Sa'd (Vo1.4 Pg.137)]

In a narration of Zuhri, Hakam asked Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam], "What is Islam?" Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] replied, "That you worship Allah Alone Who has no partner and that you testify that Muhammad is Allah's servant and Rasul." Hakam then said, "I accept Islaam." Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] then turned to the Sahabah [Radhiallahu Anhum] and said, "Had I listened to you just now and killed him, he would have entered the fire of Jahannam." [Ibn Sa'd (Vo1.4 Pg.138)]

Wahshi bin Harb Accepts Islaam

Hadhrat Abdullaah bin Abbaas [Radhiallahu Anhu] narrates that Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] sent a messenger with the invitation of lslaam to Wahshi bin Harb who was responsible for killing Hadhrat Hamza [Radhiallahu Anhu] (the uncle of Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]). The messenger returned with a message from Wahshi stating, "O Muhammad! How can you call me to Islaam when you say that a murderer, a Mushrikeen and an adylmer shall meet with a grave punishment and this punishment will be multiplied for them on the Day of Qiyaamah where they shall remain disgraced in it forever [As mentioned in verses 68 and 69 of Surah Furqaan]. I have committed all of these crimes, so is there any scope for me?"

Allah then revealed the verse:
(The punishment of Jahannam is for all murderers, Mushrikeen and adulterers) Except for those who (sincerely) repent, accept Imaan and perform good actions. For such people Allah will convert their sins into good deeds. Allah is Ever Most Forgiving, Most Merciful. [Surah Furqaan, verse 70]

In reply to this verse, Wahshi said, "O Muhammad! The condition in this verse is uncompromising which states, 'Except for those who (sincere) repent, accept Imaan and perform good actions.' What if I do not have the opportunity to fulfil it?" Allaah then revealed the verse:

Verily Allah does not forgive that Shirk be committed, but may forgive all (sins) besides this for whom He wills. [Surah Nisaa, verse 48]

To this, Wahshi replied, "This forgiveness depends on the will of Allaah. I do not know whether I shall be forgiven or not. Is there any other scope for me?" Allah then revealed the verse:

Say, "O My bondsmen who have wronged their souls (by committing kulr or other sins)! never lose hope of Allah's mercy. Verily, Allah forgives all sins. Undoubtedly, He is the Most Forgiving, the Most Merciful." [Surah Zumar, verse 53]

Upon hearing this, Wahshi said, "Yes, this is in order." He then accepted Islaam. other Muslims asked, "O Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]! We had also committed the sins that Wahshicommitted (Does thisverse apply to us as well?)." Rasulullaah [Sallallahu'alaihi wasallam] replied, "It applies to all Muslims in general." [Tabraani. Haythami (Vo1.7 Pg.lOO) states that one of the narrators by the name of Abyan bin Sufyaan is regarded as a weak narrator by Imaam Dhahabi [Rahimullaah].]

Hadhrat Abdullaah bin Abbaas [Radhiallahu Anhu] reports that some Mushrikeen who had committed murder and adultery in abundance approached Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]. They said, "What you are saying and calling towards seems extremely good. Do tell us if there is any expiation for our sins?" It was on this occasion that Allah revealed the following two verses:

Those who do not call to (do not worship) another ilaah with Allah, who only kill a soul forbidden by Allah with a warrant (when required to execute a person whom a court of Shariah sentences to death), and (they are those) who do not fornicate (they neither commit fornication nor adultery). [Surah Furqaan, verse 68]

Say, "O My bondsmen who have wronged their souls (by committing kufi or other sins)! Never lose hope of Allah's mercy. Verily, Allah forgives all sins. Undoubtedly, He is the Most Forgiving, the Most Merciful." [Surah Zurnar, verse 53] [Bukhari (Vo1.2 Pg.710). A similar Hadith is also narrated by Muslim (Vol.1 Pg.76). Abu Dawood (Vo1.2 Pg.238), Bayhaqi 0'01.9 Pg.89) and Nasa'ee as quoted by Ayni (Vo1.9 Pg.121).]

Hadhrat Faatima [Radhiallahu Anha] Weeps at the Pale Appearance of Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] Caused by his Exertion In the Duty Allah Entrusted to Him

Hadhrat Abu Tha'laba Khushani [Radhiallahu Anhu] narrates that Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] once returned from a battle and entered the Masjid to perform two Rakaahs of salaah. Whenever he returned from a journey, Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] always liked to proceed first to the Masjid to perform two Rakaahs of salaah and then go to the house of Hadhrat Faatima [Radhiallahu Anha] his daughter before proceeding to the homes of his wives. Consequently, he went to the home of Hadhrat Faatima [Radhiallahu Anha] upon returning from a particular journey before going to see his wives. Welcoming him at the door, Hadhrat Faatima [Radhiallahu Anha] started kissing Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] on his face and his eyes. She then began weeping. When Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] asked her what it was that made her weep, she replied, "O Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam]! It is because I see your face so pale and your clothing so tattered (because of the strenuousness of the journey)."

To this, Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] said, "Do not weep, O Faatima, Allah as sent your father with a Deen by means of which He will enter honour or disgrace into every baked and unbaked home and every skin tent on the surface of the earth (those who accept Islaam will have the honour while the others willfiave the disgrace). It (the Deen) shall reach wherever the night reaches (everywhere)." [Tabraani, Abu Nu'aym and Haakim, as quoted in Kanzul Ummaal (Vol.1 Pg.77). Refer to Ilaythami (Vo1.8 Pg.262) and Haakim (Vo1.3 Pg. 155) for commentary on the chain of narrators.]

Hadith of Tameem Daari Concerning the Spreading of Islam

Hadhrat Tameem Daari [Radhiallahu Anhu] narrates that he heard Rasulullaah [Sallallahu 'alaihi wasallam] say, "This Deen shall definitely reach wherever the day and the night reach. Allah shall enter this Deen into every baked and unbaked home with either great honour or terrible disgrace. Allah will grant the honour to lslam and the people of Islam, while the disgrace will go to kufr (and its people)."

Hadhrat Tameem Daari [Radhiallahu Anhu] says, "I saw the reality of this in my own family. Those who accepted Islam were blessed with good, honour and respect while those who remained Kuffaar suffered disgrace, humiliation and had to pay the Jizya."[Ahmad and Tabraani as quoted in Majma (Vo1.6 Pg.14) and (Vo1.8 Pg.262). Haythami (Vo1.6 Pg.14)]

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Siratal Mustaqim - 2015